Parasmittina Osburn, 1952

Type species: Lepralia jeffreysi Norman, 1876

This genus includes the species:

Parasmittina aculeata Tilbrook, 2006 Recent Pacific west Solomon Is.
Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina alaskensis Osburn, 1952 Recent Alaska
Parasmittina aleutensis Soule & Soule, 2002 Recent Alaska
Parasmittina anderseni Cheetham & Sandberg, 1964 Holocene USA (Gulf of Mexico)
Parasmittina aotea (Brown, 1952) Recent New Zealand
Parasmittina areolata (Canu & Bassler, 1927) Recent Hawaii, Brazil, Belize, Mauritius(?)
Parasmittina auris Guha & Gopikrishna, 2007 Paleogene Eocene Lutetian India Gujarat
Parasmittina avicularissima Gontar, 1982 Recent North Pacific
Parasmittina aviculifera Soule & Soule, 2002 Recent California
Parasmittina aviculoumbonata Kataoka, 1961 Neogene Pliocene-Pleistocene Japan
Parasmittina betamorphaea Winston, 2005 Recent West Atlantic Caribbean
Parasmittina bimucronata (Hincks, 1884) Recent Burma
Parasmittina californica (Robertson, 1908) Recent California
Parasmittina cautela Hayward, 1988 Recent Mauritius
Parasmittina cheilodon (MacGillivray, 1869) Recent Southern Australia
Parasmittina chikagawaensis Hayami, 1975 Neogene Pliocene-Pleistocene Japan
Parasmittina circinanata Liu, 2001 Recent west North Pacific
Parasmittina circularis Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina collifera (Robertson, 1908) Recent California
Parasmittina collum (Canu & Bassler, 1920) Paleogene Eocene Priabonian USA Carolinas
Parasmittina contraria Seo, 1992 Recent Korea
Parasmittina crosslandi (Hastings, 1930) Recent
Neogene
East Pacific
Central America
Parasmittina crosslandi serrata Madihavan Pillai, 1981 Recent Indian Ocean
Parasmittina delicatula (Busk, 1884) Recent Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia
Parasmittina dentigera Harmer, 1957 Recent Indonesia
Parasmittina dependeo Tilbrook, 2006 Recent Pacific west - Solomon Is.
Parasmittina dolabrata Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Galapagos, E.Pacific
Parasmittina dubitata Hayward, 1980 Recent South Atlantic
Parasmittina egyptiaca (Waters, 1909) Recent Egypt
Parasmittina emersoni Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina erecta Gordon & d'Hondt, 1997 Recent Southwest Pacific
Parasmittina exasperatrix d'Hondt, 1986 Recent New Caledonia
Parasmittina exiguiuncinata Tilbrook, 2006 Recent Pacific west - Solomon Is.
Parasmittina fistulata (Harmer 1957) Recent Indo-West Pacific, western Australia
Parasmittina floridana Winston, 2005 Recent West Atlantic - Caribbean
Parasmittina fraseri Osburn, 1952 Recent Mexico
Parasmittina galerita Ryland & Hayward, 1992 Recent Great Barrier Reef
Parasmittina glabra Gordon & d'Hondt, 1997 Recent Southwest Pacific
Parasmittina glomerata (Thornely, 1912) Recent Indian Ocean
Parasmittina gujaratica Guha & Gopikrishna, 2007 Paleogene Eocene Lutetian India Gujarat
Parasmittina hanzawae Kataoka, 1960 Recent Japan
Parasmittina harudiensis Guha & Gopikrishna, 2007 Paleogene Eocene Lutetian India Gujarat
Parasmittina hastingsae Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii, Vanuatu, Indonesia, Australia
Parasmittina ilioensis Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina inalienata Tilbrook, 2006 Recent Pacific west - Solomon Is.
Parasmittina jeffreysi (Norman, 1876) Recent Arctic
Parasmittina jeffreysii avicularissima Gontar, 1982 Recent west North Pacific
Parasmittina japonica (Ortmann, 1890) Recent Japan
Parasmittina johni Guha & Gopikrishna, 2007 Paleogene Eocene Lutetian India Gujarat
Parasmittina kauaiensis Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina kirkpatricki Hayward, 1988 Recent Mauritius
Parasmsmittina labellum Canu & Bassler, 1928 Recent Gulf of Mexico
Parasmittina latiavicularia (Kirkpatrick, 1888) Recent Mauritius, GBR
Parasmittina lavela Soule & Soule, 2002 Recent Colombia
Parasmittina leviavicularia Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina longirostrata Liu, 2001 Recent west North Pacific
Parasmittina macginitiei Soule & Soule, 2002 Recent Alaska
Parasmittina macphersonae Powell, 1967 Recent Southern Australia
Parasmittina margaritata Hayward, 1988 Recent Mauritius
Parasmittina marginata (Canu & Bassler, 1929) Recent Pacific west Philippines
Parasmittina marsupialis (Busk, 1884) Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina masudai Hayami, 1975 Neogene Miocene-Pliocene Japan
Parasmittina mauritiana Hayward, 1988 Recent Mauritius
Parasmittina mexicana Pouyet & Herrera-Anduaga, 1986 Recent Mexico
Parasmittina munita (Hincks, 1884) Recent Australia
Parasmittina murarmata (Kirkpatrick, 1888) Recent Mauritius
Parasmittina natalensis O'Donoghue, 1957 Recent Indian Ocean South Africa
Parasmittina nitida (Verrill, 1875) Recent S. Atlantic
Parasmittina novella Hayward & Cook, 1983 Recent South Africa
Parasmittina obstructa (Waters, 1889) Recent Australia
Parasmittina okadai Hayami, 1975 Neogene Miocene Japan
Parasmittina onychorrhyncha Ryland & Hayward, 1992 Recent Great Barrier Reef
Parasmittina ornata (Thornely, 1912) Recent Mauritius
Parasmittina ovilirata Tilbrook, 2006 Recent Pacific west - Solomon Is.
Parasmittina paradicei (Livingstone, 1926) Recent Great Barrier Reef
Parasmittina parsevaliformis Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina parsevalii (Audouin, 1826) Recent Gulf of Suez
Parasmittina parsloeparsloei Hayward & Parker, 1994 Recent southern Australia
Parasmittina parvitatis Tilbrook, 2006 Recent Pacific west - Solomon Is.
Parasmittina parviuncinata Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina pectinata Hayward & Parker, 1994 Recent southern Australia
Parasmittina peristoavicularia Kataoka, 1961 Neogene Pliocene-Pleistocene Japan
Parasmittina pinctatae Liu, 2001 Recent west North Pacific
Parasmittina plana Kataoka, 1961 Neogene Pleistocene Japan
Parasmittina pluriavicularis Moyano, 1982 Recent Chile
Parasmittina projecta (Okada & Mawatari, 1937) Recent Japan
Parasmittina protecta (Thornely, 1905) Recent West Africa, Indian Ocean
Parasmittina proximoproducta Moyano, 1983 Recent Chile
Parasmittina pugetensis Soule & Soule, 2002 Recent NW USA
Parasmittina pyriformis Seo, 2002 Recent Northwest Pacific - Korea
Parasmittina raigiformis Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina raigii (Audouin, 1826) Recent Gulf of Suez
Parasmittina raigioidea Liu, 2001 Recent Northwest Pacific - China
Parasmittina recidiva Hayward, 1988 Recent Mauritius
Parasmittina regularis Soule & Soule, 2002 Recent California
Parasmittina rimula Tilbrook, 2006 Recent Pacific west - Solomon Is.
Parasmittina rostriformis (Kirkpatrick, 1888) Recent Mauritius
Parasmittina rouvillei (Calvet, 1902) Recent Mediterranean
Parasmittina saccoi (Canu, 1913) Neogene Miocene Burdigalian France
Parasmittina santacruzana Soule & Soule, 2002 Recent California
Parasmittina serrula Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Pacific, Caribbean
Parasmittina shibikawaensis Hayami, 1975 Neogene Pliocene Japan
Parasmittina solenosmilioides Hayward & Parker, 1994 Recent Australia, Indo-west Pacific
Parasmittina talismani (Calvet, 1907) Recent Cape Verde
Parasmittina telum (Canu & Bassler, 1920) Paleogene Oligocene Rupelian USA, Europe
Parasmittina triangularis (Mawatari, 1952) Recent Japan
Parasmittina trianguliforma Soule & Soule, 2002 Recent Mexico
Parasmittina trispinosa (Johnston, 1838) Recent Europe
Parasmittina trispinosa acuta (Canu & Bassler, 1929) Recent Pacific west Philippines
Parasmittina trispinosa aomoriensis Kataoka, 1957 Neogene Pliocene Japan
Parasmittina trispinosa granosa (Canu & Bassler, 1929) Recent Pacific west Philippines
Parasmittina trispinosa loxa (Marcus, 1938) Recent Atlantic Ocean - St Helena
Parasmittina trispinosa macroavicularia (Androsova, 1958) Recent North Pacific - Sakhalin
Parasmittina trispinosa nanshaensis Lu, 1991 Recent west North Pacific
Parasmittina tropica (Waters, 1909) Recent Mauritius, W.Africa, Indonesia, Australia, Mediterranean
Parasmittina trunculata Tilbrook, 2006 Recent Pacific west - Solomon Is.
Parasmittina tubula (Kirkpatrick, 1888) Recent Mauritius
Parasmittina tubulata Osburn, 1952 Recent California, Mexico
Parasmittina turbula Ryland & Hayward, 1992 Recent Great Barrier Reef
Parasmittina uncinata Soule & Soule, 1973 Recent Hawaii
Parasmittina vacuramosa Lu, Nie & Zhong in Lu, 1991 Recent Indo-Pacific including Australia
Parasmittina variabilis Liu, 2001 Recent Northwest Pacific - China
Parasmittina winstonae Liu, 2001 Recent Northwest Pacific - China
Parasmittina alanbanneri Parasmittina areolata Parasmittina circularis Parasmittina crosslandi
Parasmittina alanbanneri
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina areolata
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina circularis
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina crosslandi
Parasmittina delicatula Parasmittina dolabrata Parasmittina emersoni Parasmittina hastingsae
Parasmittina delicatula Parasmittina dolabrata
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina emersoni
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina hastingsae
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina ilioensis Parasmittina kauaiensis Parasmittina leviavicularia Parasmittina marsupialis
Parasmittina ilioensis
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina kauaiensis
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina leviavicularia
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina marsupialis
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina parsevaliformis Parasmittina parsloeparsloei Parasmittina parviuncinata Parasmittina raigiformis
Parasmittina parsevaliformis
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina parsloeparsloei -
A colour photograph by
Karen Gowlett-Holmes
is available.
Parasmittina parviuncinata
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina raigiformis
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina serrula Parasmittina trianguliforma Parasmittina uncinata
Parasmittina serrula
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina trianguliforma
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)
Parasmittina uncinata
(Thanks to Dr D. Soule)

This information is based upon various sources, but little personal knowledge. I am indebted to the late Alan Horowitz for his compilation, and to Dr. J. Pachut.
I would be grateful for corrections to, or critical reviews of this information. This is not a 'final' version (an impossible ideal), but a working document.

Parasmittina page at NMITA

Parasmittina trispinosa at Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland.


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Edited by Phil Bock
Modified on 20th November 2008
This URL is http://bryozoa.net/cheilostomata/smittinidae/parasmittina.html